Ember, a London-based climate and energy think tank estimated that based on its studies, Indonesia's coal mine methane (CMM) pollution is up to eight times higher than official figures.
A combination of shifts in jet streams and changes to the sun's angle on the earth tend to increase wind speeds at turbine level during the spring months, and lead to higher levels of wind power generation than at other times of the year.
Total electricity output in the Netherlands in 2023 was 121.43 terawatt hours (TWh), according to energy think tank Ember, which was less than half a percentage point from the previous generation peak of 121.96 TWh set in 2020.
Utilities that operate networks of both gas and coal-fired plants, such as in Europe's largest economy Germany, are likely to dial up generation from gas plants and cut back output from coal plants in response to the swing in operating costs.
The German compound word "dunkelflaute" captures the phenomenon. Made of up "dunkelheit", which means darkness, and "windflaute", which means weak winds, the term describes periods when wind speeds drop and result in little to no electricity generation.
A fall of more than 40% in hydro output meant that only 22% of Mexico's total electricity output came from clean sources last year, compared with 26% in 2022 and over 27.5% in 2021, data from energy think tank Ember shows.
The 8.74 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity generated from gas-fired power stations was the highest since January 2022, according to think tank Ember, which was just before Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to the severing of gas pipeline flows to Europe's largest gas consumer and economy.
Wind power generated 61.09 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity in 2023, according to energy think tank Ember, exceeding the 61.04 TWh generated from all fossil fuel sources in Spain last year.
Europe is ramping up its renewable electricity generation as part of efforts to wean the bloc off Russian fuels and to help meet its climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050.
Turkey generated a record 117.6 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity from coal which yielded a record 118 million tonnes of carbon dioxide and related gases in 2023, data from environmental think tank Ember shows.
Coal-fired electricity generation was 8,295 terawatt hours (TWh) through October, up 1 percent from the same period in 2022 and the highest on record, according to environmental think tank Ember.
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